A 40-year-old man is conscious, but has an increased rate of breathing. What should you do first?

In this scenario, the immediate priority is to assess the regularity and quality of the patient's breathing. Understanding the nature of the breathing pattern is crucial in determining the appropriate response to the situation. By assessing the rate, rhythm, depth, and effort of breathing, you can gather important information that can indicate whether the patient is experiencing a respiratory issue, such as an asthma attack or hyperventilation.

This initial assessment allows for a more informed decision on the next steps in managing the patient's condition. If breathing is shallow or labored, it may necessitate different interventions than if the breathing is fast but otherwise normal. Additionally, this assessment can help in identifying potential underlying causes for the increased respiratory rate, leading to more effective treatment.

In contrast, administering supplemental oxygen might be necessary, but it should come after an assessment to ensure it is warranted based on the patient's current condition. Beginning chest compressions would not be appropriate since the patient is conscious and able to breathe. Indeed, encouraging slow breathing techniques could be beneficial, but it is more effective to first assess the situation to provide context to these techniques. Thus, prioritizing the comprehensive assessment equips you with critical data for managing the patient's airway and breathing effectively.